Science free essay sample

Traditionally, symptoms of pain, swelling and inflammation were relieved by crudely placing ice cubes on the spot that hurts. Today modern medicine has given us Advil to alleviate common swelling and pain. Advil is the name brand manufacturing of Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and analgesic. Advil is in the class with other drugs that is listed as an essential medicine by the World Health Organization which means that it is needed for basic health, is safe and cost effective (WHO, 2010). According to WHO, Advil is safe for children and pregnant women in heir second and third trimester of pregnancy. Advil works faster, and more accurately than traditional and herbal methods that have been used by doctors in the past. Ibuprofen was discovered by Drs. Stewart Adams, John Nicholson, Colin Burrows and their team of scientists at the Boots Company. The company worked on a drug to relive rheumatoid arthritis in the 1960s. We will write a custom essay sample on Science or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They started working through the 1950s and by the early 1980s it was made available without prescription (rsc. rg, 2013). Advil Liquid-Gels was thought of by George Van Parys, Robert Dicanni and Banner Pharmacaps in California of 1994. Advil PM has become available in stores in 2006. Previously Pfizer Manufactured Advil in America but currently Advil is manufactured in China, to cut costs for the company and consumer. Today, Advil is made in various forms and is available online and in most drug stores (Advil. com, 2013). Advil as an analgesic is non-addictive compared to opiates such as Vicodin (hydrocodone) and is much safer. As a non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Advil has significantly less side effects than anti-inflammatory Steroids because it does not eact with other medications and illnesses. There are numerous types of Advil that treat different illnesses. Advil PM is a medicine that helps people sleep at night as well as relieves pain. The Advil PM medicine contains 200 mg of ibuprofen, and 38 mg of diphenhydramine which is an ingredient that is used to help a person sleep. Another type of Advil is Advil Liquid-Gels. Advil Liquid-Gels are made up of Gelatin which is more easily swallowed and digested. Advil Liquid-Gels are unique because they are in a crystallized form. The benefit of Liquid Gels is that they contain solubilized ibuprofen, which absorbs faster into the body and relieves pain much quicker. Additionally, Advil manufactures specific allergy relief with Chlorpheniramine Maleate, an antihistamine and Phenylephrine HCI, a nasal decongestant. Though Advil is a safe and effective medicine, several side effects can occur when taking ibuprofen. If a person is allergic to pain relievers, the symptoms of Advil Liquid-Gels could include hives and swelling on the face. Taking more than the ecommended dose of 3200 mg of ibuprofen per day may have negative effects on the kidneys and the liver. Additionally chronic use of ibuprofen has been linked to risk of high blood pressure and heart attacks. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness and other ailments but Advil is not fatal. Sales of Advil were increasing tremendously in 1984. Although the sale was having a positive effect; Whitehall Labs realized that the original manufacturer Boots could not keep up with the demanding of more of the Product. Considering Boots could not keep up, Michael Dryden from Whitehall had to create a team and a special machine that would manutacture the product as soon as possible. The tirst prototype ot the machine was made in the late 80s and the first production appeared a year later in 1987. The first installation of this machine was made in 1988 in Hammonton, New Jersey which improved the production sale of Advil and increased the speed of making the drug. Since the Machine was such a Success, they produced 20 more in Guayama, Puerto Rico. Now because of the power and success of these machines, ach of the systems produce 540,000 tablets every 9 hours which are 1,080,000 tablets a day, which concludes to 32,400,000 tablets every month. A person may want to invest in Advil because it is one of the most successful medicines and they would be able to learn a good percentage of the money, which happens to be a massive number. Advil, better known as Ibuprofen, can be applied and taken in many different ways. A person may take it orally in pill form. Advil can also be applied in IVs, Topical (cream), and Rectal administration. The Difference between Advil liquid-Gels, Tablets, Caplets, and gel caps is that Advil Liquid-Gels contains Solubilized ibuprofen which absorbs faster into the body and relieves pain much quicker. Also Advil Liquid Gels are often softer and squishier than the Tables, which are rounder, causing it to be easier to swallow. Comparing to many other Drugs Advil is one of the safest medicines a person can take. Advil does not have any violent symptoms and could even be taken without a prescription. Advil is a excellent pain reliever and is on the list as the top and safest drug to consume.

A Comparison of how To His Coy Mistress and The Flea Present and Develop the Poets Arguments Essays

A Comparison of how To His Coy Mistress and The Flea Present and Develop the Poets Arguments Essays A Comparison of how To His Coy Mistress and The Flea Present and Develop the Poets Arguments Paper A Comparison of how To His Coy Mistress and The Flea Present and Develop the Poets Arguments Paper Essay Topic: Arguments Literature The poems To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell and The Flea by John Donne are both written with the same idea in mind, for the authors to get their women or mistresses to be less shy with them. This was a common idea of which poems were based in Marvells and Donnes time due to when a pretty woman was to find herself interacting with a man, it was conventional for her to be shy or unwilling, or at least for a small time at first. With this in mind it is easy to see that both poems include the idea of carpe diem, this means seize the day, in other words make use of the time we have and do not let it go to waste. This was common in the poems written by the metaphysical poets, which both Donne and Marvell were included in. The most obvious comparison of arguments is what the persona is trying to get from his mistress, it is clear that all that the persona has on his mind in The Flea is sexual intercourse, yet in To His Coy Mistress the persona is more interested in love in general not just sex. These arguments set an almost funny theme of the personas persuading their mistresss. There is also a sense of desperation in The Flea because the persona knows that if the flea is squashed that his chances of having sex with his mistress are also squashed. As well as the sense of desperation in The Flea, it is also very humorous. It satirises how the persona cannot get his mistress to have sex with her but she is willing to give up her virginity to something as insignificant as a flea. The poets argument in The Flea is that the flea, an insignificant object, bit his mistress after biting him, therefore mixing their two bloods together, this is Donnes time was considered as forming a bond, the mixing of their bloods bonded the couple together almost like marriage : It suckd me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea, our two bloods mingled be; This frustrates the persona because the flea has done what his mistress has resisted against performing with him; this shyness is also what Marvells argument is based on. The persona in To His Coy Mistress shows a sense of irritation that his mistress is so coy. The main idea of the poem is that if the persona and his mistress had time then her coyness would be acceptable but they dont have all the time in the world, so must therefore make use of what time they have, the phrase carpe diem is used to describe this. Marvell wrote To His Coy Mistress in three stages. The first stanza talks about if they had all the time in the world, An hundred years should go to praise is an example of the persona stating what they could do if they had an eternity, then his mistresss coyness wouldnt be a problem, the second stanza then brings them back into reality and brings the idea that they dont have all the time in the world into the readers mind: But at my back I always hear Times winged chariot hurrying near; And yonder all before us lie This is describing how time, in other words ultimately Death, is racing towards them and that they dont have long until they will be dead, lying on the ground. Its an interesting use of personification, giving the chariot wings, this creates an image of a chariot of time flying towards them, coming down to get them, in other words take their lives. The final stanza suggests what they should or could be doing now to rectify the problem of coyness: Now let us sport while we may, And now, like amorous birds of prey, Rather at once our time devour The sport which the persona suggests is suggesting let us love each other while we can before our time is devoured. The amorous birds of prey is a good image. It creates an image of them being passionate about their love like a bird of prey would be towards its food. It also creates a sense of urgency because birds who are hunting their prey are viscous and attack very quickly, so it could be interpreted that the persona is using the image to suggest how they need to get over his mistresss coyness urgently. Ultimately To His Coy Mistress was written to get the authors mistress to love him while they still have the time. Similarly The Flea is also written trying to get the authors mistress to do something, perhaps marriage, unlike To His Coy Mistress the persona isnt really bothered about love just sex. The poets argument is that if the flea, and insignificant object can mingle their bloods then why cant they do it, Findst not thyself, nor me the weaker now, this is the persona stating that after the flea had bitten both of them neither of them feel weaker so why should she feel different about losing her virginity to him. And in this flea our two bloods mingled be, Donne uses the word mingled to represent the union of blood between the persona and his love. This reflects the 17th century view that man and woman became one blood in sexual union, the word mingled being indicative of the completeness of their mixing together. The mistress in The Flea however tries to counter his argument by killing the flea. One of the main differences between the two poems is how the mistress is conveyed to the reader. In To His Coy Mistress the mistress isnt given a voice you arent told anything about her or her actions. However you can guess that because the persona describes her as coy, she is perhaps stubborn and plays hard to get, apart from that you dont find anything else out about her and because she isnt given a voice in the poem you never find out her views only his. However in The Flea the mistresss actions are described, she still isnt given a voice so you will never find out exactly what she thinks but you can tell by her actions what she thinks of the personas argument. In the 17th century the idea of mingled blood means marriage, such as Donne said: Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare, Where we almost, yea are more married are. Although the mistress is passive you can tell she obviously doesnt like this thought, so when she kills the flea it isnt just against religion but it shows that the thought of being married to the persona is a preposterous idea. This is fascinating because the persona accuses his mistress of committing suicide by killing the flea: Though use make you apt to kill me, Let not to that, self murder added be, And sacrilege, three sins in killing three. The thought behind this idea is that the flea contains a part of three people, the persona, his mistress and the flea itself. So killing it would be killing a part of all three of them and probably in the personas eyes it is killing his chance of ever having a sexual union with his mistress. Donne used a flea to describe this because fleas were very common in the 17th century. The flea is small insignificant and very unromantic, so using a flea to suggest that the persona and his mistress are married because their bloods are united inside the flea, this is an example of a metaphysical conceit. Both poems are filled with metaphysical conceits, this is when something spiritual, such as love, is turned into a physical image or a surprisingly verbal picture, an example of this is My vegetable love should grow, this is a good example of metaphysical conceit because Marvell describes love, which is definitely not physical, as a physical picture. This is also an example of personification because love cant grow. Another example of a conceit in Times winged chariot hurrying near, this is a conceit of death. Death isnt physical but using it with chariots makes it into a physical image. Conceits can also be described as using something common, such as a flea, to describe something such as a powerful feeling such as love or something absurd. The flea is also a conceit because it is used describe love when it is very common. Another example of Metaphysical Conceit: Let us roll all our strength and all Our sweetness up into one ball, This conceit is describing how the persona and his mistress should collect their strength and their sweetness into a ball; this is one of the many examples of flattery in both of the poems. The first stanza of To His Coy Mistress is filled with examples of flattery: But thirty thousand to the rest. An age at least to every part, And the last age should show your heart. This is a powerful quotation because the persona is suggesting he could spend over thirty thousand years admiring her, only however if they had eternity, thirty thousand years is a very long time so the persona must truly love his mistress to suggest this, however they dont an eternity, so therefore Marvell wrote this poem to try and get his mistress to get her to enjoy what time they have. All the flattery in the first stanza sets the theme and mood of the poems. I think the mood in The Flea at the start of poem is quite depressing; the persona seems to feel rejected that the flea mingled their bloods before he did and that even now his mistress wont have sex with him. There is a sense of not tongue-in-cheek, that the poem isnt very serious, the argument of a flea mingling their bloods before they did it themselves is a humorous idea. In the second stanza the mood of the poem changes because the persona becomes desperate for his mistress not to squash the flea, the personas attitude and approach to his argument chances as well. As his argument develops the pace of the poem also increases. Donne uses religious images and ideas in the hope that they will lull the lady into a submission which she will be comfortable with. Though use make you apt to kill me, Let not to that, self murder added be, And sacrilege, three sins in killing three. Committing suicide is completely against religion so Donne uses it as a last ditch effort to persuade his mistress. The Flea reaches its climax at the end of the second stanza when the flea is squashed. In the third and final stanza the poems pace slows down creating an anti-climax. The personas attitude is almost of disbelief that his mistress was cruel enough to kill the flea which contained part of her and him in it. The mood in To His Coy Mistress, I think, is quite different to that of The Flea. I think the mood is calmer and therefore the personas attitude is more reasonable. The personas argument is split into three parts, the first stanza describes what they could do if they had all eternity, the second stanza brings the poem back into reality and explains how they dont have the all eternity. The third at final stanza suggests what they should do now, again on the theme of carpe diem. However the mood is similar to The Flea because the first stanza is slow paced and calm with the second stanza increasing in pace with an anti-climax in the third stanza when the poem is brought into reality. The persona, although is desperate to get his mistress to love him, I dont think is very forceful, he is relaxed and calm. I think he is like this because he is trying to be understanding with his mistress and try to win her heart that way rather than forcing her into something which she doesnt want to do. For the persona to achieve this in To His Coy Mistress without sounding too forceful, he compliments his mistress a lot and uses a lot of flattery: An hundred years should go to praise Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze, Two hundred to adore each breast, But thirty thousand to the rest; The persona is suggesting that if they had all eternity he could spend over thirty thousand years showing affection towards her. This is a very powerful thing to say and shows a huge amount of affection for his mistress. It is ironic that after the first stanza being so flattering that the second stanza is filled with the idea of death. Deserts of vast eternity is a powerful images which combines space and time which suggests that there is nothing once they have died, a large open nothingness. The next two lines, Thy beauty shall no more be found, / Nor, in thy marble vault, shall sound, is an interesting choice of words. Again, it is a use of flattery calling the mistress beauty but it suggests that her beauty will go to waste in her tomb. The persona continues then to go on and that worms will try her long preserved virginity. This is very similar to the flea, they are both very unromantic beings, which is likely to be the main part behind the poets arguments. The worm is also a metaphysical conceit because the it isnt romantic yet it is suggested to do something which is considered to be the climax of romance. To His Coy Mistress follows some biblical references. The flood is an important time in religion because it supposedly rid the world of sin, however the persona is suggesting that he could physically love his mistress from ten years before that. Another religious phrase is conversion of the Jews, this would require a substantiated second coming for the son of God, or in other words, it will never happen. This suggests that the persona and his mistress have all of time to love each other, so h er coyness wouldnt be a problem but they dont have much time, so her coyness is a big issue. There are some religious ideas in The Flea. The first obviously religious idea in the poem is the reference to its intention, persuading his mistress that giving up her virginity would not be sin, nor shame, Donne suggests this religion order to argue that it doesnt apply in this case. Another religious strain follows the logic This flea is you and I, this suggests that there are three souls in one body, this is meant to echo The Trinity of the father, the son and the Holy Spirit all being together. The final religious idea is one back to the idea of killing the flea, not only would it be committing suicide which is against the Christian Religion but the way in which it is described, the nail which the personas mistress killed the flea with is purpled with blood of innocence, this is how Christ is described, killed for no reason and completely innocent. The Flea and To His Coy Mistress have similar rhyme schemes, both in iambic tetrameter, however The Flea alternates metrically between lines in iambic tetrameter and iambic pentameter, a 4-5 pattern with two pentameter lines at the end of each stanza. The Flea has a regular rhyme scheme, in couplets, with the final line rhyming with the previous couplet: AABBCCDDD. To His Coy Mistress also rhymes in couplets. Having a regular rhyming pattern makes the poem more enjoyable to read and it drives the development of the argument, which might be another idea of the poets because it makes their arguments more easily read. Although The Flea and To His Coy Mistress dont have exactly the same meaning; one to get love, the other to have sex; they are similar poems. Both poems are filled with metaphysical conceits and ideas about religion. The language used is similar in both with it being persuasive. I think that To His Coy Mistress is the stronger poem of the two because it is a lot more reasonable and it goes at love in the more conventional, traditional way, complementing the person you love rather than being forceful like in The Flea. I think that the poets both have different views on love, I think that Donne considers women to be objects, purely for enjoyment, whether it is sexual or not. However Marvell wants marriage and a long term relationship.

3 Key Tips for What to Wear to Salsa Class

3 Key Tips for What to Wear to Salsa Class SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Getting ready to start salsa classes? Awesome! Salsa dancing is a great way to exercise, meet new people, and have fun. If you're preparing for your first salsa class, you may be wondering what to wear to salsa class. While most salsa dancing classes don't have a strict dress code, it's important to dress appropriately for the activity. Follow these guidelines when deciding what to wear for salsa dancing lessons: #1: Your outfit should be easy to move in. Salsa dancing is a physical activity, after all. #2: Your outfit should help keep you safe. You don't want to wear something that you may trip over, for instance, or shoes that don't provide enough support. #3: Your outfit shouldn't make other people uncomfortable. Salsa dancing is a social activity, and you don't want to wear something overly provocative that may make your partners uncomfortable. What to Wear to Salsa Class When deciding what to wear for salsa dancing lessons, you should look for clothing that's functional, comfortable, and makes you feel good wearing it. You'll be moving around a lot during salsa class, so it may help to dress in layers that you can remove as you start getting hot. In this section, I'll give some ideas for what men and women should wear to salsa class to be ready for the physical demands of dancing. What to Wear to Salsa Class- Women Here are some ideas for what to wear to salsa class if you're a woman: Dresses that are knee-length or slightly shorter. Jeans or leggings that are fitted through the ankle so you won't trip on them. Cropped pants, capris, or shorts that you can easily move around in. Short-sleeved or sleeveless tops. A cardigan or sweater that you can wear if it gets chilly. Shoes that are flat or have a small heel (2 inches high or less). What to Wear to Salsa Class- Men Here are some ideas for what to wear to salsa class if you're a man: Cotton t-shirts. Long or short sleeve button up shirts. Jeans, khakis, or slacks. Shorts of any kind. Light vests or sweaters that are easy to remove. Flat shoes with a smooth bottom. Final Thoughts Salsa dancing is a lot of fun, but can be challenging, especially if you're not wearing the right clothing. Make sure that you're wearing comfortable clothes and shoes that allow you to get your groove on and you'll have the time of your life.

Rowe v. New Hampshire Motor Transport Association Essay

Rowe v. New Hampshire Motor Transport Association - Essay Example The case is also about the appropriateness of Maine’s Tobacco Delivery Law. The Tobacco Delivery Law puts safety requirements on all transportation of tobacco products. The law requires that stores which carry these products must use a delivery system that does not give any tobacco products to unlicensed stores or let them fall into the hands of minors (those under 18 years old). Based on this law, The New Hampshire Motor Transport Association filed suit, noting that the Tobacco Delivery Law was counteracted by the Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act of 1994 (FAAAA). â€Å"The preemption provision of the FAAAA prohibits state from enacting laws "related to" the prices, routes, or services of air and motor carriers. The Association argued that the Tobacco Delivery Law placed such a burden on the delivery procedures of carriers that significantly affected their prices and services† (Brief, 2010). Faced with this argument, those working for the state countered that the FAAAA was originally at cross purposes with the Tobacco Delivery Law, a nd that the purposes of the Tobacco Delivery Law generally were focused on regulating based on a threat to the harm of society. In US District Court, the New Hampshire Motor Transport Association prevailed in its argument, and on appeal, this organization also prevailed in its argument again. â€Å"The First Circuit held that a police power exception to the general rule of preemption would be far too broad and was not intended by Congress. Maine could validly ban all unlicensed tobacco products within its borders, but the FAAAA prohibited the state from implementing this goal by imposing requirements on carriers that significantly alter their delivery procedures† (Rowe, 2010). Therefore, in the case, it was found that the Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act of 1994 does not overshadow a state law that uses the

The Fundamentals of Statistics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Fundamentals of Statistics - Assignment Example Additionally, in order to provide a clearer illustration of the data, use of graphs and pie charts is paramount. There are many things that are not explicitly understandable and usually require uncovering. Therefore, it is important for the interested parties to come up with ways of developing an adequately deep understanding of the target information. In most cases, the information being sought is usually of significant importance. The information could be explanatory or even form basis for evaluation of problems at hand. This is the reason why people embark on research since it enables them to capture data upon which to validate their views or obtain explanations (Goddard & Melville, 2001). A study conducted on a sample of inmates revealed a number of things based on the views of the inmates on the criminal justice system. The study encompassed qualitative and quantitative variables all of which were related to criminal justice. This is an outlook into two of the variables studied namely â€Å"types of offenses† and satisfaction of the inmates with regard to â€Å"incarceration servi ces†. It is undisputable that different offenses have different frequencies of occurrence thus the need to look into the specific offenses for which the inmates were in. Figure 1 is a representation of the findings of the study with regard to the types of offense for which the inmates were jailed. There were 7 inmates jailed for homicide and 9 in each of robbery and burglary categories. The information is illustrated in a pie chart to clearly depict the proportion of inmates assigned to each of the categories of offenses. The use of pie enhances visibility of the relationship existing between the variables under study. The type of offense is a qualitative variable and some of the measures of central tendency and variability cannot be obtained. Qualitative data is categorical and non-numerical thus difficult to obtain measures that

Sun Also Rises Essay -- essays research papers

The Lost of Self "One generation passeth away, the passage from Ecclesiates began, and another generation cometh; but the earth abideth forever. The sun also ariseh†¦"(Baker 122). A Biblical reference forms the title of a novel by Ernest Hemingway during the 1920s, portraying the lives of the American expatriates living in Paris. His own experience in Paris has provided him the background for the novel as a depiction of the 'lost generation'. Hemingway's writing career began early; he edited the high school newspaper and, after graduation, got a job as reporter on a local newspaper. After that he was turned down by the Kansas City draft boards. He wanted to get to Europe and managed to there by volunteering as an ambulance driver. After being wounded, he recalled that life slid from him, "like you'd pull a silk handkerchief out of a pocket by a corner"(Villard 53), almost fluttered away, then returned. This was a period in his life when he became 'lost' and searched to overcome his own suffering and test his courage. His experiences in finding himself provided the background for The Sun Also Rises, which is one of the most famous novel ever written about the 'lost generation'. "It is Jake's narrative, his story, but behind Jake is Hemingway, the artist, manipulating the action"(Reynolds 73). Soon after the war, Hemingway married and he with his wife moved to Paris. There his bride gave him a letter of introduction to Gertrude Stein. When they met, she commented that "You are all a lost generation," a casual remark, yet one which became world famous after Hemingway used it as an epigraph to his first major novel, The Sun Also Rises. The term 'lost generation' means a great deal to Hemingway's readers. It reflects the attitudes of the interwar generation, especially those of the literatures produced by the young writers of the time. These writers believed that their lives and hopes had been shattered by the war. They had been led down by a glory trail to death not for noble, patriotic ideas, but for the greedy, materialistic gains of the power groups. In his novels "Hemingway recorded the changes in the moral atmospheric pressure. Home, family, church and family gave this war-wounded generation no moral support. The old values—love, honor, duty, truth—were bankrupted by a war that systematically killed off a gener... ...hough nothing could have any consequences"(Hemingway 155). The people immensely enjoy this rare freedom throughout the week. In conclusion, Hemingway, being a part of the lost generation, accurately reflected the values of the lost generation through the portrait of the characters in The Sun Also Rises. His experiences, which was considered to be reprobate at that time, provided him the basis for writing the novel. The behavior of the characters demonstrates their view of life, casting back to how World War I changed their values through demoralization. They lived an aimless and dissipating life. They had deep doubt of self that was projected through an unending pattern of debauchery. They tended to live in here and now, while future and past seemed remote and abstract. Their identities were through their lack of ambition and ego, with a desperation born of the fear of the truth. On the other hand, they test their courage by placing themselves in dangerous situations. These systems and values are illustrated through the depiction of the characters in The Sun Also Rises, "a sad story about smashed peop le whose lives are largely beyond their own control"(Reynolds 73).

Compare and Contrast the characterization of Virginia Woolf’s Clarrisa Dalloway Essay

Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway has been rewritten a number of times and in 1999, Michael Cunningham has once again revisited the novel and has written The Hours where he traces a single day in the lives of three women. Interestingly Cunningham has fictionalized Virginia Woolf, the writer apart from the two other characters Clarrisa Vaughan and Laura Brown. The Hours is homage to Virginia Woolf and the two female characters namely Clarrisa Dalloway of Virginia Woolf’s Mrs.  Dalloway and Clarissa Vaugham of The Hours pose a number of similarities and dissimilarities and this essay delves into the commonalities and contradictions of these two characters. Young states, â€Å"The relationship between The Hours and Mrs. Dalloway is impossible to simplify; Cunningham interweaves aspects of Woolf’s life, her novel, and her theories† (38). WWoolf and Cunningham describe the life a woman called Clarrisa on a single day in June. Both these women are hosting a party and have come out to buy flowers. They happen to get a glimpse of a celebrity near the florist. Their spouses, being invited by some famous personality, have gone out to dine without taking their wives. On their way home both meet an old friend accidently. But the two women belong to entirely different background and time period. While Mrs. Clarrisa Dalloway lives in 1923 London, Mrs. Clarrisa Vaugham lives in the modern day New York. Woolf represents the modernist society of 1920s in her novel, whereas Cunningham depicts the contemporary life style in The Hours. The protagonist of The Hours Clarrisa Vaugham shares her first name with Woolf’s Clarrisa Dalloway. Though the characterization of Clarrisa Vaugham is different from Mrs. Dalloway, the similarity in the first names does cause some ripples. But the names of other characters are not the same. For instance, in Mrs. Dalloway Clarrisa’s husband is Richard but Clarrisa Vaugham’s husband is not Richard. Sally is an important character who appears in both the fictions. While her relationship with Woolf’s Clarrisa is latent, Cunningham’s Clarrisa maintains a long-term lesbian relationship with Sally. Critics argue that Virginia Woolf is inclined towards homosexuality and therefore her Clarissa Dalloway expresses her secret homosexual interest in the novel. Further Cunningham himself being a gay writer, has penned down his own experiences in the world through Clarrisa Vaugham’s lesbian relationship with Sally. Virginia’s society treated homosexuality as unnatural and perverted and therefore she did not write about it overtly. Loneliness is common to both Clarrisas. When Clarrisa Vaugham is invited for the party which her husband attends, she is utterly frustrated and states, â€Å"I am trivial, endlessly trivial† (94). Similarly, Clarrisa Dalloway is depressed when she comes to know that Lady Bruton has not extended an invitation to her. Both these women represent the triviality of life. Both these women play the role of hostess to perfection and are interested in throwing parties that Peter Walsh remarks that Clarrisa is capable of only hosting parties and taking care of the household chores. Their lives are not essentially significant but they continue to live in the society. Clarrisa Dalloway and Clarrisa Vaugham are fascinated towards the ordinariness of everyday life. Cunningham’s Clarrisa does not have the quest to achieve lofty goals in life. She â€Å"simply enjoys without reason the houses, the church, the man and the dog. It’s childish, she knows. It lacks edge† (12). Both Clarrisas are mature enough to understand that both ordinary and extraordinary are part of the world and have developed a fondness of an ordinary day in life. Clarrisas not only live with triviality and ordinariness but also with dissatisfaction towards life in general. The hollowness of human life and the masks worn by people to retain their false identity in the society is reflected through both the women characters and it is considered as a failure when the incidents around them do not take place as per heir plan and schedule. While Clarrisa emphasizes on winning the literary prize, none is bothered to listen to her. But she treats it as a precious possession which should be well-guarded and does not take into account of how the rest of the world views it. But in spite of the dissatisfactions and failures, they continue to live with a hope and cherish the same hope throughout their life as they believe that such dissatisfactions and darkness reflect the true inner joy of life and society as a whole. The attitude of both the Clarrisas towards fame is almost similar. Clarrisa Vaugham during her shopping at the florists, she wishes to guess the celebrity and with a child-like enthusiasm she waits for her appearance as she believes that movie actors represent eternity. Cunningham states, â€Å"Clarrisa stands guiltily, holding her flowers, hoping the star will show herself again, embarrassed by her own interest† (50). Clarrisa Dalloway is also inquisitive about the celebrity and by seeing the car she guesses the name of the actor. The communication between the characters is essentially strong in Cunningham’s fiction. The characters for instance could discuss about homosexuality openly while some degree of discretion and secrecy has been maintained in Woolf’s version. Clarrisa and Sally for instance are â€Å"always generous with kisses† (89) though they do not express their love verbally. Sally sends Clarrisa roses to expresses her love similar to Richard who also is not able to express his love verbally. Clarrisa Vaugham also fails to express her love for her daughter Julia and is scared that she might lose her to someone. Similarly Mrs. Clarrisa Dalloway is also afraid that she might lose her daughter and that insecurity turns into hatred towards Miss Kilman, the tutor of Julia. In Virginia Woolf’s novel, Elizabeth, daughter of Clarrisa Dalloway loathes the easy way of living of her mother and attaches herself with the feminist Doris Kilman. On the other hand, Julia, Clarrisa Vaugham’s daughter is in love with a New York lesbian by the name Mary Krull who is much older to her. Since Miss Kilman and Ms. Mary Krull are non-conformists who challenge the restrictions imposed upon them by the society, both Clarrisa treat them as adversaries. On the whole, the niceties of Clarrisa Dalloway’s Bloomsbury style are completely out of way and Clarrisa Vaugham adopts the rigorous New York way of living. Cunningham’s Clarrisa is fiercely independent and looks into the future than the past. Happer states that Woolf’s Clarrisa â€Å"looks for the meaning of life primarily in the past† (112-113). Clarrisa Vaugham has no dominant male in her life and in a way, it is remarked that the Cunningham has successfully helped Clarrisa to evolve and overcome the oppression that Woolf’s Clarrisa suffered from. Woolf has primarily focused on Mrs. Dalloway’s life. But Cunningham has extended the boundary and expressed the fact that love and hope are common to everyone in the society. To conclude the two women characters Woolf’s Clarrisa Dalloway and Cunningham’s Clarrisa Vaugham exercise a number of similarities as well as differences. Cunningham’s Clarrisa is seen as an evolution of Woolf’s Clarrisa as she not only has imbibed the qualities of Mrs. Dalloway but also enriched the same and is appreciated for the fierce independence along with love and compassion for others. Works Cited: Cunningham, Michael. The Hours. London: Fourth Estate, 1999. Print. Happer, Howard. â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway. † Between Language and Silence: The Novels of Virginia Woolf. Louisiana State: Baton Rouge, 1982. Print. Young, Tory. Michael Cunningham’s The Hours: A Reader’s Guide. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003. Print.